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character trait

  • 1 σῆμα

    Grammatical information: n.
    Meaning: `sign, symbol, trait, omen, mark, character, feature, gravestone' (Il.).
    Other forms: Dor. σᾶμα.
    Compounds: Compp., e.g. σηματ-ουργός m. `mark maker' (A.); often as 2. member with regular transition in the o-stems, e.g. ἄ-σημος, Dor. ἄ-σᾱμος `without signs, unimpressed, unintelligible' (IA., Dor.), isolated ἀ-σήμων `id.' (S.), ἐπί-σημος, Dor. -ᾱ- `provided with a mark' (IA., Dor.), n. - ον `mark, weapon' (Ion. hell. a. late), also -α (Simon., A. a.o.; after σῆμα).
    Derivatives: 1. the adj. σημα-λέος `sending signs', surn. of Zeus (Paus.), - τόεις `full of gravestones' (AP). 2. the verbs a. σημαίνω, Dor. (Pamphyl.) σᾱμ-, often w. prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, ὑπο-, δια-, ἀπο-, `to give a sign, to denounce, to order' (Il.) with σημάν-τωρ, - τορος m. `commander, ruler, guide' (ep. Il.), des. of a military official (Hdt. 7, 81), `annunciator, announcing' (late poet.; on the meaning Aly Glotta 5, 58 ff.), - τήρ, - τήριον, - τρον, - τρίς, - τρια, - τικός, - σις, also σημασία f. `announcement etc.' (Arist., hell. a. late; Schwyzer 469); b. σηματίζομαι = σημαίνομαι (sch.). 3. Subst. a. dimin. σημάτιον n. (Eust.); b. σημ-εῖον, Ion. -ήϊον, Dor. σᾱμ- n. `sign, mark, standard, signal, signet' (IA., Dor.; as μνημ-εῖον: μνῆμ-α; s. on μιμνήσκω) with - ειώδης `noteworthy' (Arist., hell. a. late), - ειόομαι, - ειόω, also w. ἐπι- a. o., `to note, to notice; to provide with a seal' (Hp., Thphr., hell. a. late), from where - είωσις, - είωμα, - ειωτικός; c. σημ-εία (- έα, - αία) f. `standard, banner' (hell. a. late; after βασιλ-εία etc.; Schwyzer 469, 470 n. 6). 4. PN Σαμιχος m. (Boeot. inscr.) a.o.
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: The word seems an inherited word, but is without convincing etymology. After Brugmann (e.g. Grundr.1 II 348) identical with Skt. dhyā-man- n. `thought' (late lex.; to dhyā́-yati, -ti `think'); semantic. not really striking. E. Leumann (s. Schwyzer 322 n. 1) compares Sak. (North-Ar.) śśāma `sign'. -- From ἄσημον MPers. asēm `(uncoined) silver', NPers. sīm `(silver) thread'; cf. Bailey Trans. Phil. Soc. 1933, 50.
    Page in Frisk: 2,695-696

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῆμα

  • 2 χαρακτήρ

    χαρακτήρ, ῆρος, ὁ (fr. χαράσσω ‘engrave’ via χάραγμα; Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 11:6; TestSim 5:4 [‘copy’, of the Book of Enoch]; ApcSed 7:4; EpArist; Philo; Jos., Ant. 13, 322; Just.; Tat. 17, 2 [in the two last, of letters of the alphabet]; loanw. in rabb.).
    ⓐ of coinage impress, reproduction, representation (Eur., El. 559; Aristot., Pol. 1, 6, Oec. 2; Diod S 17, 66, 2; OGI 339, 45; in imagery Polyb. 18, 34, 7; Philo, Plant. 18) in imagery IMg 5:2ab.
    ⓑ of a distinguishing mark trademark τὸ κεφαλοδέσμιον … χαρακτῆρα ἔχει βασιλικόν the headpiece bears a royal trademark (i.e. the logo of a manufacturer for the imperial establishment; s. deStrycker ad loc. and AJohnson, Roman Egypt to the Reign of Diocletian ’36, 332–33; 626–27) GJs 2:2. S. 3 below.
    ② someth. produced as a representation, reproduction, representation, fig., of God ἄνθρωπον ἔπλασεν τῆς ἑαυτοῦ εἰκόνος χαρακτῆρα (God) formed a human being as reproduction of his own identity/reality (s. εἰκών 2) 1 Cl 33:4 (cp. OGI 383, 60 of a picture χ. μορφῆς ἐμῆς; 404, 25; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 83 calls the soul τύπον τινὰ καὶ χαρακτῆρα θείας δυνάμεως). Christ is χαρ. τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ an exact representation of (God’s) real being Hb 1:3 (ὑπόστασις 1a).
    ③ characteristic trait or manner, distinctive mark (Hdt. et al.; Diod S 1, 91, 7; Dionys. Hal., Ad Pomp. 3, 16; 2 Macc 4:10) ἐν ἀποστολικῷ χαρακτῆρι in apostolic fashion of an epistolary greeting ITr ins; cp. 1b above.
    ④ an impression that is made, outward aspect, outward appearance, form (ApcSed 7:4 ὁ δὲ ἥλιος καὶ Ἀδάμ, μίαν χαρακτῆρα ἦσαν perh. read without the comma: ‘Now, the sun and Adam were alike in appearance’, in contrast to Eve who was more brightly beautiful than the moon) εὐειδέσταται τῷ χαρακτῆρι exceptionally beautiful in appearance Hs 9, 9, 5.—JGeffcken, Character: ET 21, 1910, 426f; AKörte, Her 64, 1929, 69–86 (semantic history).—DELG s.v. χαράσσω II 4. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > χαρακτήρ

См. также в других словарях:

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